Human Motion Systems

1. Frame function
  Is to support / sustain the body, as a means of movement, protect the organs in the body,giving your body shape, the attachment of skeletal muscle and the formation of red bloodcells.

2. Frame shape
a. Short bones, for example: Bone Palms.
b. Flat bones, for example: Bone Rib.
c. Pipe bone, eg thigh bone.

3. Distribution Frame and Bones
Frame comprises of:
• Frame axes / axial skeleton, skull and bones comprising the body.
• Additional Frame / Skeleton apendikuler, consisting of bone shoulder, pelvis and limbbones.
Bone is divided into:
a.Skull
        Consisting of the bones forming the face and head.
b.Bone loss
         Consisting of the spine, sternum, ribs, shoulder and wrist bone bone pelvic girdle.
c.The bones of the body / motion
          Consisting of bone anggotas motion up / down the arms and / legs
Types of Bones
a.Cartilage: Contains gluten / collagen, a little lime. as on the ear bones
b.Bone loud: Loud, contains calcium, do not bending. which includes hard bone is bone that is not a cartilage

4. Joints / Relations between bones (Articulated) Divided into three:  
A.Joint dead /Sinartosis Distinguished: 
 • Sinartosis sikondrosis  
• Sinartosis sinfibrosis 
B.Stiff joints / Amfiartosis Is the relationship between bone memungkingkan limited motion. C. Joint motion / Diartosis.Often called joints. Various kinds of joints:
1. Joints Bullets (direction in all directions) 
    Example: The relationship of the femur with the hip. 
2. Hinge joints (direction to the one-way) 
     Example: The relationship between the elbow bone.  
3. Swivel Joints (Rotating) 
     Example: Relationship ulna with a lever.   
4. Saddle joints (direction to the two-way) 
     Example: The relationship of bone with the palm of the hand knuckles.  
5. Slide joints / bones Flat on the palm and wrist joints Kondiloid on. 

5. Muscle  
A. Types of Muscles 
1. Striated muscle, in order, are voluntary (working on the orders of the brain) 
2. Cardiac muscle, the heart, is involuntary (not working on the orders of the brain)  
3. Smooth muscle, the internal organs, are involuntary (not working on the orders of the brain)  
B. The way the muscles work  
1. Antagonist, muscle work berlawanan.Arah motion consists of:  
a.The extensor-flexor (Align-Bending) 
b.Abduktor-adductor (separation-Juxtapose) 
c.Depresor-Elevator (Down-Up)  
d.supinator-pronator (Looking up, face down)  
2. Synergistic, muscles work together in a single direction of motion.  
6. Motion System Disorders and Abnormalities  
A. Infection 
a) Arthritis exudative and Arthritis confiscation 
b) Infectious diseases gonorrhea and syphilis causes pain in the knee joint and groin 
c) Polio virus infection causes paralysis  
d) Weak pseudo, of syphilis infection  
e) Muscle atrophy, muscle shrinks due to poliomyelitis infection 
f) Tetanus, muscle spasms caused by bacterial infection Clostridium tetani  
B. Accident 
a) Fractured bones and fractures (fissures and fractures) 
b) Bruising, tearing loose from the bone sendi.Jika membrane, called dislocation  
c) Stiff neck (Stiff) and Muscle cramps (spasms)  
C.Bone and muscle disorders  
a) Rickets, due to lack of calcium and vitamin D 
b) Osteoporosis, for lack of the hormone estrogen at menopause  
c) Gout, due to high uric acid in the blood and joints 
d) Miestenia gravis, causing paralysis  
e) Abdominal Hermia, because the wall of abdominal muscle tear  
f) Muscular dystrophy, chronic disease in childhood 
D.Error posture
a) Lordosis, bending the spine forward
b) Scoliosis, sideways crooked spine
c) Kyphosis, crooked spine backward.