Movement in plants is divided into three:
1. Motion Esionom
2. Motion Endonom
3. Motion hygroscopic
A. Motion Esionom
• It is a movement in plants caused by stimuli from outside the plant
itself is / was caused by the environmental movement
• Divided into three:
1. Motion tropism
• It is a plant whose direction of motion in part influenced by the
direction of the stimulus.
• Divided over 5 motion:
a. Phototropism
• It is the excitement of motion tropism of light, especially sunlight,
by then it is also called heliotropisme (helio = sun)
• For example:
a. The motion stems grow toward light (phototropism +)
b. Movement away from the roots grow light (phototropism -)
b. Hydrotropism
• It is the excitement of motion tropism of water. (= Hydro)
• For example:
a. Motion roots growing close to water sources on the ground to land
plants, especially plants like cactus xerofit (Hydrotropism +)
b. Movement away from the trunk grows in the ground water sources,
although the rod xerofit a water storage (Hydrotropism -)
c. Thigmotropism
Tropism is the movement of the stimulus in the form of a touch, the
motion nasty, to say the motion seismonasty (pressure, touch, or shocks), and
can be called hapto-tropism. An example is the movement of vines in plants
Cucurbitae family. (Thigmotropism +)
d. Chemotropism
• It is the excitement of motion tropism is a chemical substance.
• For example:
a. Movement of pollen tubes to the egg than the stigma would go to
pieces (Kemotropisme +)
b. Roots movement away from toxic substances in soil, such as
pesticides (Kemotropisme -)
e. Geotropism
• It is the excitement of motion tropism of gravity (usually the Earth)
• Example:
a. Motion of the growth of roots near the center of the earth, which
means the greater the force of gravity (Geo tropism +)
b. Stem the growing movement away from the center of the earth, which
means the smaller the force of gravity (Geotropism -)
2. Motion nastic
• It is the most tumubuhan the direction of motion is not influenced by
the direction of the stimulus but is affected by the plant itself
• Divided into:
a. Nasty Complex
Is the motion of the stimulus nasty are several factors, namely light,
water content, temperature, and chemical substances. An example is the motion
of closed or open stomata in the leaves, which are influenced by light
(especially sunlight), water content in leaves, temperature, and chemicals in
the leaves
b. Photonasty
A motion nasty the excitement of light (especially sunlight). An
example is the behavior of interest rates at four o'clock / Mirabilis Jalapa to
split the interest at 4 pm at the place were planted, this indicates that the
rate at physiological empatlah causing flowers bloom, the sun light is not only
which causes the flowers bloom
c. Thermonasty
A motion nasty the excitement of the temperature / ambient temperature
around the plant. An example is the motion of tulips bloom or close it because
of the temperature, your own tulips bloom in the warm spring
d. Nyctinasty
A motion nasty the excitement is darkness, as opposed to fotonasti. An
example is the motion to close the plant leaves Leguminoseae familia (Legumes)
at night due to darkness.
e. Hydronasty
A motion nasty the excitement of water in the tissues of plants and
water around the plant. An example is the motion on the leaves of rice if the
rice shortages of water, which means low humidity in the surrounding rice or
because of the inability of rice roots to absorb water in the soil
f. Thigmonasty
A motion nasty the excitement of touch, it could be because of pressure
or shock, by then it is also called seismonasty (seismo = shock). Examples are
leaf motion to close the daughter of shame / Mimosa pudica when the leaves are
touched, caused by changes in leaf turgor pressure.
g. Haptonasty
Nasti a special motion, similar symptoms and excitement with thigmonasty,
but haptonasty a motion made to capture the prey / food plant. An example is
the motion to close the cup on the Nepenthes sp. / caused by the touch of the
insect
3. Motion taxis
• It is a motion to move some / all of a plant because of the stimulus.
• Divided:
1) Hydrotaxis, excitement is water. Examples of it is movemnet of male
gammetes cell of moss
2) Fototaksis, excitement is light.Examples chloroplast movement toward
the side of the cells are exposed to light, movement toward the light alga
Chlamydomonas
3)Chemotaxis,is a chemical stimulus.Example is movement pollen to ovule
because chemical compound of ovule
B. Motion Endonom
• It is the excitement only motion of the plant itself, in contrast to
nasti motion which is a blend of motion-tropism endonom
• Divided into two movements:
a. Siklosis / rotational motion of the cytoplasm, Hydrilla verticillata
leaf samples at
b. Nutasi, is a growing movement of the rod tip or other organs form a
circular trajectory in the air
C. Motion Hygroscopic
• It is a motion-induced changes in the vegetation water content
• For example:
a. Open it sporangium / spore box on the nail because annulus cells on
spore box is shrink
b. The outbreak of leguminous fruit skin that is dry