Movement In Plants

Movement in plants is divided into three:

1. Motion Esionom

2. Motion Endonom

3. Motion hygroscopic

A. Motion Esionom

• It is a movement in plants caused by stimuli from outside the plant itself is / was caused by the environmental movement

• Divided into three:

1. Motion tropism

• It is a plant whose direction of motion in part influenced by the direction of the stimulus.

• Divided over 5 motion:

a. Phototropism

• It is the excitement of motion tropism of light, especially sunlight, by then it is also called heliotropisme (helio = sun)

• For example:

a. The motion stems grow toward light (phototropism +)

b. Movement away from the roots grow light (phototropism -)

b. Hydrotropism

• It is the excitement of motion tropism of water. (= Hydro)

• For example:

a. Motion roots growing close to water sources on the ground to land plants, especially plants like cactus xerofit (Hydrotropism +)

b. Movement away from the trunk grows in the ground water sources, although the rod xerofit a water storage (Hydrotropism -)

c. Thigmotropism

Tropism is the movement of the stimulus in the form of a touch, the motion nasty, to say the motion seismonasty (pressure, touch, or shocks), and can be called hapto-tropism. An example is the movement of vines in plants Cucurbitae family. (Thigmotropism +)

d. Chemotropism

• It is the excitement of motion tropism is a chemical substance.

• For example:

a. Movement of pollen tubes to the egg than the stigma would go to pieces (Kemotropisme +)

b. Roots movement away from toxic substances in soil, such as pesticides (Kemotropisme -)

e. Geotropism

• It is the excitement of motion tropism of gravity (usually the Earth)

• Example:

a. Motion of the growth of roots near the center of the earth, which means the greater the force of gravity (Geo tropism +)

b. Stem the growing movement away from the center of the earth, which means the smaller the force of gravity (Geotropism -)

2. Motion nastic

• It is the most tumubuhan the direction of motion is not influenced by the direction of the stimulus but is affected by the plant itself

• Divided into:

a. Nasty Complex

Is the motion of the stimulus nasty are several factors, namely light, water content, temperature, and chemical substances. An example is the motion of closed or open stomata in the leaves, which are influenced by light (especially sunlight), water content in leaves, temperature, and chemicals in the leaves

b. Photonasty

A motion nasty the excitement of light (especially sunlight). An example is the behavior of interest rates at four o'clock / Mirabilis Jalapa to split the interest at 4 pm at the place were planted, this indicates that the rate at physiological empatlah causing flowers bloom, the sun light is not only which causes the flowers bloom

c. Thermonasty

A motion nasty the excitement of the temperature / ambient temperature around the plant. An example is the motion of tulips bloom or close it because of the temperature, your own tulips bloom in the warm spring

d. Nyctinasty

A motion nasty the excitement is darkness, as opposed to fotonasti. An example is the motion to close the plant leaves Leguminoseae familia (Legumes) at night due to darkness.

e. Hydronasty

A motion nasty the excitement of water in the tissues of plants and water around the plant. An example is the motion on the leaves of rice if the rice shortages of water, which means low humidity in the surrounding rice or because of the inability of rice roots to absorb water in the soil

f. Thigmonasty

A motion nasty the excitement of touch, it could be because of pressure or shock, by then it is also called seismonasty (seismo = shock). Examples are leaf motion to close the daughter of shame / Mimosa pudica when the leaves are touched, caused by changes in leaf turgor pressure.

g. Haptonasty

Nasti a special motion, similar symptoms and excitement with thigmonasty, but haptonasty a motion made to capture the prey / food plant. An example is the motion to close the cup on the Nepenthes sp. / caused by the touch of the insect

3. Motion taxis

• It is a motion to move some / all of a plant because of the stimulus.

• Divided:

1) Hydrotaxis, excitement is water. Examples of it is movemnet of male gammetes cell of moss

2) Fototaksis, excitement is light.Examples chloroplast movement toward the side of the cells are exposed to light, movement toward the light alga Chlamydomonas

3)Chemotaxis,is a chemical stimulus.Example is movement pollen to ovule because chemical compound of ovule

B. Motion Endonom

• It is the excitement only motion of the plant itself, in contrast to nasti motion which is a blend of motion-tropism endonom

• Divided into two movements:

a. Siklosis / rotational motion of the cytoplasm, Hydrilla verticillata leaf samples at

b. Nutasi, is a growing movement of the rod tip or other organs form a circular trajectory in the air

C. Motion Hygroscopic

• It is a motion-induced changes in the vegetation water content

• For example:

a. Open it sporangium / spore box on the nail because annulus cells on spore box is shrink

b. The outbreak of leguminous fruit skin that is dry